Knowledge, Perception, and Solution Strategies toward Water Pollution Among Adult Residents of Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Background and Objective: The pollution of water is a critical environmental and public health concern in Nigeria, especially in rapidly urbanizing areassuch as Birnin Kebbi. In this study, perceptions and knowledge of adult residents concerning water pollution and recommended measures against it were considered inthe Birnin Kebbi Area. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted to assess adult residents’ awareness and responses to water pollution. A total of 114 adults (≥18 years) were randomly selected across wards using the Yamane sample size formula (10% margin of error) and surveyed with a validated structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v20 with descriptive statistics, and ethical approval, informed consent, anonymity, and voluntariness were ensured. Results: Results demonstrated that respondents had a good understanding about water pollution (overall mean = 1.91), identifying causes like sewage and waste runoff, industrial and agricultural effluents, and urbanization. Although less than 40% thought that the government is effectively addressing the issue, perceptions of water pollution were relatively high (ovaerall mean = 2.06), with many acknowledging its negative impacts on daily life, biodiversity and public health. Solution strategies were well recognized (total mean = 1.8), including proper waste disposal, water treatment, sanitation improvements, community-based activities, and enforcement of environmental legislation. Conclusion: The study reveals that while knowledge and potential solutions are relatively high, perception of water contamination as an immediate concern is moderate. Efforts in attitudinal change, environmental education, and governmental intervention to mitigate the problem are recommended which would help reduce further pollution of water and possible danger imposed on human health, particularly in Birnin Kebbi.